La extraordinaria obra que se reseña corresponde al segundo volumen de un proyecto editorial colectivo internacional integrado en su totalidad por cuatro volúmenes, de los cuales este segundo –con el título de Genealogía– es el único que por el momento ha salido a la luz. Singular en su género en tanto que es propuesta, según enfatizan los propios editores, como la primera obra que ofrece un estudio histórico sobre las relaciones...

Breve descripción de las soluciones aplicadas en la informatización de la gestión de los recursos de una oficina judicial de lo Contencioso Administrativo. En particular: Codificación de las materias, definición de las fases del proceso, emisión automática de documentos y creación de un fichero de sentencias. Utilización de la informática en la redacción de la sentencia; controles estadísticos. Diagnóstico de trabajo de Tribunal. Conclusiones.

En este artículo trato de desarrollar la particular visión que posee Sen acerca del multiculturalismo y la importancia que otorga a la necesidad de lograr un ade-cuado entendimiento en las relaciones interpersonales con independencia de la cultura propia o ajena.Asimismo,me centro en exponer la relación que se da en Sen entre la cuestión identitaria y la idea de justicia la cual quedará plasmada fundamentalmente con la visión smithiana del espectador imparcial y la huida clara del yo provinciano y encorsetado, para (...) abrazar así un proceso de razonamiento ético y decididamente abierto que le dará la llave para alcanzar unos arreglos sociales más justos, a nivel local y global dado el carácter supranacional de los principales problemas a los que hoy nos enfrentamos, sobre todo de violencia y pobreza extrema.Esteartículo tiene dos objetivos profundizar en el pensamiento social de Amartya Sen ofrecer un análisis sobre posiciones intelectuales que otorgan al concepto de identidad un sentido plural y no restrictivo como base de encuentro para alcanzar un orden social más equitativo. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza la posición de la educación y el Estado en la filosofía práctica de Immanuel Kant, paraquien la educación se establece como la tarea esencial de la humanidad, no en vano señaló que, “el hombre puedeconsiderar cómo los descubrimientos más difíciles, el arte del gobierno y el arte de la educación”, que es con lacual inicia el proceso por el cual el ser humano se hace humano a saber; el de la civilización y la cultura, elementosintrínsecos en la (...) esfera de la educación que es la base del desarrollo de las personas en particular, y de la humanidaden general, por lo cual las tesis sobre educación en el texto de la pedagogía deben ser revisadas, sugiriendo que elproyecto educativo cosmopolita es la mejor vía para propiciar una educación que tienda al bien universal.Sin embargo, para que la propuesta kantiana sea impulsada desde las instituciones educativas, se requierereplantear la tarea y función no solo de los padres, sino también del Estado en la esfera educativa y orientarla segúnlos parámetros del cosmopolitismo, una filosofía que se ofrece como un deber ineludible y como una necesidadsocial generalizada. La definición de educación cosmopolita se presenta como un método de crecimiento humano que posibilita la identificación de seres con personalidad moral y jurídica en cada uno de nosotros. (shrink)

Online gambling companies claim that they are ethical providers. They seem committed to corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices that are aimed at preventing or minimising the harm associated with their activities. Our empirical research employed a sample of 209 university student online gamblers, who took part in an online survey. Our findings suggest that the extent of online problem gambling is substantial and that it adversely impacts on the gambler's mental and physical health, social relationships and academic performance. Online problem (...) gambling seems to be related to the time spent on the Internet and gambling online, parental/peer gambling and binge drinking. As our findings show that there are harmful repercussions associated with online gambling, we argue that companies in this controversial sector cannot reach the higher level of CSR achieved by other industries. Nevertheless, they can gain legitimacy on the basis of their CSR engagement at a transactional level, and so, by meeting their legal and ethical commitments and behaving with transparency and fairness, the integrity of the company can be ensured. We also argue that current failures in the implementation and control of CSR policies, the reliance on revenue from problem gamblers' losses, and controversial marketing activities appear to constitute the main obstacles in the prevention or minimisation of harm related to online gambling. As online gambling companies must be responsible for the harm related to their activities, we suggest that CSR policies should be fully implemented, monitored and clearly reported; all forms of advertising should be reduced substantially; and unfair or misleading promotional techniques should be banned. The industry should not rely on revenue from problem gamblers, nor should their behaviour be reinforced by marketing activities (i.e. rewards). We realise, however, that it is unrealistic to expect the online gambling industry to prioritise harm prevention over revenue maximisation. Policy makers and regulators, therefore, would need to become involved if the actions suggested above are to be undertaken. CSR is paramount to minimise harm and provide a healthier user experience in this business sector, but it also poses marketing dilemmas. We support a global collaborative approach for the online gambling industry, as harm related to gambling is a public health issue. (shrink)

Increased concern for the environment has increased the number of investment opportunities in mutual funds specialized in promoting responsible environmental attitudes. This article examines the performance and risk sensitivities of US green mutual funds vis-à-vis their conventional peers. We also analyze and compare this performance relative to other socially responsible investing (SRI) mutual funds. In order to implement this analysis, we apply a CAPM-based methodology and find that in the 1987–2009 period, environ- mental funds had lower performance than conventional funds (...) with similar characteristics. However, if we focus on a more recent period (2001–2009), green funds achieved adjusted returns not significantly different from the rest of SRI and conventional mutual funds. (shrink)

The concept “generation of the 98” has been certainly an invention of literary classification, but it has some difficulties in its application. It is urgent to rethink this concept to fit it to the historical reality of the 98, to enrich it with other contemporary contributions. This paper wants to elaborate a complete concept of that year (1898), that could include the collected papers in this Anuario Filosófico.

Text prednáöky, pôvodne pripravenej pre medzinárodnú konferenciu Hispanizmus ako interkultúrny dialóg, Bratislava 199. preloûila Martina Sentálová. / Traducción de “Hispanismo filosófico. Problemas de su constitución,” en: El reto europeo: identidades culturales en el cambio de siglo. . I Jornadas de Hispanismo Filosófico [1992], Jose Luis Abellán (ed), Madrid: Editorial Trotta; Asociación de Hispanismo Filosófico, 1994, págs. 133-142.

This collection of articles provides an overview of current generative theorizing and empirical work on the nature, origin and scope of parameters of linguistic variation. Often taking diverging views, the papers in the volume address some or all of the main debated topics in parametric syntax.

In this article, Carlos Pereda introduces the concept of “colonial reason” and explores how philosophical practices and modes of thought are entwined with colonial political structures of exploitation, exclusion, and oppression. Pereda argues that philosophy in Latin America risks perpetuating and reinforcing the colonial gesture, either by turning to the European centers of thought (thus pursuing debates that always take place elsewhere) or by isolating itself and idealising the “own.” According to Pereda, both approaches fail to dismantle colonial violence (...) within philosophy. In his alternative approach, Pereda outlines principles and methodological criteria for the decolonisation of reason and philosophy. He emphasises the importance of methodological prudence that discerns between innocent, paralysing, and strategic uses of identity expressions and advocates for modes of reading and argumentation that conceive philosophy as an inclusive and ongoing dialogue. In Pereda’s terminology, this entails fostering “permeable reason” that manifests itself through “nomadic thinking,” a form of thinking that is capable of questioning itself and being questioned. (shrink)

Many of the computing systems programmed using Machine Learning are opaque: it is difficult to know why they do what they do or how they work. Explainable Artificial Intelligence aims to develop analytic techniques that render opaque computing systems transparent, but lacks a normative framework with which to evaluate these techniques’ explanatory successes. The aim of the present discussion is to develop such a framework, paying particular attention to different stakeholders’ distinct explanatory requirements. Building on an analysis of “opacity” from (...) philosophy of science, this framework is modeled after accounts of explanation in cognitive science. The framework distinguishes between the explanation-seeking questions that are likely to be asked by different stakeholders, and specifies the general ways in which these questions should be answered so as to allow these stakeholders to perform their roles in the Machine Learning ecosystem. By applying the normative framework to recently developed techniques such as input heatmapping, feature-detector visualization, and diagnostic classification, it is possible to determine whether and to what extent techniques from Explainable Artificial Intelligence can be used to render opaque computing systems transparent and, thus, whether they can be used to solve the Black Box Problem. (shrink)

Little is known about the impact of context on the meaning of emotion words. In the present study, we used a semantic profiling instrument to investigate features representing five emotion components of 11 emotion words in situational contexts involving success or failure. We compared these to the data from an earlier study in which participants evaluated the typicality of features out of context. Profile analyses identified features for which typicality changed as a function of context for all emotion words, except (...) contentment, with appraisal features being most frequently affected. Those context effects occurred for both hypothesised basic and non-basic emotion words. Moreover, both data sets revealed a four-dimensional structure. The four dimensions were largely similar. The results suggest that context may not change the underlying dimensionality but affects facets of the meaning of emotion words. (shrink)

Este artículo realiza un análisis del papel clave de las mujeres y sus organizaciones como constructoras de paz y como defensoras de derechos humanos en el marco de la violencia armada en Colombia, resaltando la utilización de las practicas estéticas, artísticas y vivenciales (PEAV), como parte de su estrategia de trabajo y como herramientas para la construcción de paz, el empoderamiento de las mujeres y la defensa de los derechos humanos. A partir de la literatura feminista y la investigación sobre (...) la participación de las mujeres en los procesos de construcción de paz, este estudio pretende destacar el uso de las PEAV como estrategias eficaces para la memoria histórica, promover la reconciliación, la cultura de paz y fomentar el empoderamiento de las mujeres en Colombia. Utilizando un enfoque multidisciplinar, esta investigación examina las praxis entorno del uso de las PEAV, su presencia y diversidad entre las principales organizaciones feministas y de mujeres a nivel nacional que las utilizan para la construcción de paz y el empoderamiento. (shrink)

En el presente artículo hago un resumen de «Esas Indias equivocadas y malditas» de Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio. La principal idea que desarrolla es que el discurso de los conquistadores, y hasta la actualidad muchos historiadores, legitimaba la conquista de América en nombre de la religión, de la civilización o del progreso; por ello, todo el dolor de las «naciones indias» estaría justificado por su incorporación a la historia universal. A continuación, presento los comentarios hechos por Juan Antonio Ruescas Juárez, María (...) del Mar Ramírez Alvarado y por Francisco Castilla Urbano a ese texto ferlosiano. Finalmente, concluyo con unas reflexiones personales sobre el texto de Sánchez Ferlosio. (shrink)

The received view of dynamical explanation is that dynamical cognitive science seeks to provide covering law explanations of cognitive phenomena. By analyzing three prominent examples of dynamicist research, I show that the received view is misleading: some dynamical explanations are mechanistic explanations, and in this way resemble computational and connectionist explanations. Interestingly, these dynamical explanations invoke the mathematical framework of dynamical systems theory to describe mechanisms far more complex and distributed than the ones typically considered by philosophers. Therefore, contemporary dynamicist (...) research reveals the need for a more sophisticated account of mechanistic explanation. (shrink)

Contribuição da sociologia para a compreensão do dierito.-- Dierito e estado na filosofia de Sócrates.-- Psicanálise.

Hong Kong’s non-white ethnic minorities – including its Filipina residents – are often described in media and policy discourses as a unified group. Speaking back to this misconception, in this article we describe the gendered experiences of two 23-year old Filipinas born and raised in Hong Kong through what Claudia Mitchell has described as girl method – research with girls for girls and about girls’ concerns – in our case producing visual depictions of girlhood in cellphilms and collaborative writing. We (...) write together as co-researchers to extend participatory approaches to research dissemination as we make sense of the changing political situation in Hong Kong in the years since our first collaboration in 2015. Through a polyvocal – many voices writing together – reflection on a cellphilm production project on identities and belonging four years later, we argue that Filipina identity in Hong Kong is complex and multifarious, and we aim to disseminate knowledge by and for Filipina Hong Kongers that speaks back to the erasure of their experiences within larger discourses about Filipinas, gender, and activism in Hong Kong. (shrink)

Models developed using machine learning are increasingly prevalent in scientific research. At the same time, these models are notoriously opaque. Explainable AI aims to mitigate the impact of opacity by rendering opaque models transparent. More than being just the solution to a problem, however, Explainable AI can also play an invaluable role in scientific exploration. This paper describes how post-hoc analytic techniques from Explainable AI can be used to refine target phenomena in medical science, to identify starting points for future (...) investigations of causal relationships, and to generate possible explanations of target phenomena in cognitive science. In this way, this paper describes how Explainable AI—over and above machine learning itself—contributes to the efficiency and scope of data-driven scientific research. (shrink)

In a context of pervasive digitalization of the social world, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, the field of education has undergone major changes with the development of digital practices and settings. However, the physical presence of the subjects and the body remain something primordial and irreplaceable in traditional educational processes. Thus, it is often assumed that virtuality is opposed to the corporeal reality of the subjects involved in teaching, learning and studying. In this paper we aim to critically (...) challenge this assumption by addressing the phenomenon of virtuality in a more original sense: as a fundamental dimension of corporeality itself. Drawing on Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological insights, we argue that the experience of the virtual is inherently embodied and fully real. We understand corporeality and virtuality as entangled and multidimensional phenomena. At the same time, this leads us to rethink the digital as only one possible medium in which virtuality can appear as inherent to embodied experience. We develop our phenomenological approach in three instances. First, we question and bracket two common assumptions about corporeality. From our critical perspective, assumptions about a disembodied digitality and a devirtualized corporeality represent extremes within which educational discourses currently move. Second, we address the inherent virtuality of embodied experience. We outline the heuristic concept of the virtual body to describe corporeality and virtuality as entangled and multidimensional phenomena that encompass extension, intercorporeality and intermediality. Finally, we make some remarks on the relationships of corporeality and virtuality considering the challenges of digital education. (shrink)

El motivo central de la Teoría Crítica de la Escuela de Francfort fue el concepto de dialéctica de la Ilustración. Pero la amenaza de un mundo completamente administrado por el impulso de una racionalidad formal se vuelve asimismo hacia las instancias críticas: ¿dónde puede hallarse el criterio independiente capaz de desvelar, por contraste, la mecánica del avasallamiento total de la modernización? La Teoría Crítica lo buscó a la vez en el espíritu moral de una Ilustración humanista y en el horizonte (...) del movimiento comunista internacional liderado por la URSS. Esta balance se truncó trágicamente ante la evidencia de la "perversión soviética del contenido humano del socialismo revolucionario". La extrema ambigüedad que esta situación produjo en la lógica del pensamiento de la Teoría Crítica, extiende sus consecuencias hasta un presente que asiste a la exclusión forzada de todo proyecto fehacientemente revolucionario del panorama político occidental. (shrink)

El motivo central de la Teoría Crítica de la Escuela de Francfort fue el concepto de dialéctica de la Ilustración. Pero la amenaza de un mundo completamente administrado por el impulso de una racionalidad formal se vuelve asimismo hacia las instancias críticas: ¿dónde puede hallarse el criterio independiente capaz de desvelar, por contraste, la mecánica del avasallamiento total de la modernización? La Teoría Crítica lo buscó a la vez en el espíritu moral de una Ilustración humanista y en el horizonte (...) del movimiento comunista internacional liderado por la URSS. Esta balance se truncó trágicamente ante la evidencia de la perversión soviética del contenido humano del socialismo revolucionario. La extrema ambigüedad que esta situación produjo en la lógica del pensamiento de la Teoría Crítica, extiende sus consecuencias hasta un presente que asiste a la exclusión forzada de todo proyecto fehacientemente revolucionario del panorama político occidental. (shrink)

The synthesis of the Critical Theory’s called essentials shapes shows the remaining and relevance of the Enlightment Dialectic’s notion. With this we can notice the relation between productive rationalization and social relations’ instrumental deformation, as constitutive character of modern culture. At time, the dialectic nature of Enlightment’s categories propitiates a melting of critical theorizations engaged with reformulated Enlightments’s ideals. This dialectic establishes some epistemologic conditions for the restoration of Critical Theory’s posibilities conditions. Around these, we feel necessary a sistematic connection (...) among materialist and hermenutic attitude on the analysis of knowledge’s historic determination. Historic interest’s concept allows the elaboration of that alternative, opening ways of reflection to Critical Theory’s revolutionary restating. This objective requires the recovering of historic experience’s extreme notion, formulated by original project of that’s most significative authors. (shrink)

El motivo central de la Teoría Crítica de la Escuela de Francfort fue el concepto de dialéctica de la Ilustración. Pero la amenaza de un mundo completamente administrado por el impulso de una racionalidad formal se vuelve asimismo hacia las instancias críticas: ¿dónde puede hallarse el criterio independiente capaz de desvelar, por contraste, la mecánica del avasallamiento total de la modernización? La Teoría Crítica lo buscó a la vez en el espíritu moral de una Ilustración humanista y en el horizonte (...) del movimiento comunista internacional liderado por la URSS. Esta balance se truncó trágicamente ante la evidencia de la perversión soviética del contenido humano del socialismo revolucionario. La extrema ambigüedad que esta situación produjo en la lógica del pensamiento de la Teoría Crítica, extiende sus consecuencias hasta un presente que asiste a la exclusión forzada de todo proyecto fehacientemente revolucionario del panorama político occidental. (shrink)

The synthesis of the Critical Theory’s called essentials shapes shows the remaining and relevance of the Enlightment Dialectic’s notion. With this we can notice the relation between productive rationalization and social relations’ instrumental deformation, as constitutive character of modern culture. At time, the dialectic nature of Enlightment’s categories propitiates a melting of critical theorizations engaged with reformulated Enlightments’s ideals. This dialectic establishes some epistemologic conditions for the restoration of Critical Theory’s posibilities conditions. Around these, we feel necessary a sistematic connection (...) among materialist and hermenutic attitude on the analysis of knowledge’s historic determination. Historic interest’s concept allows the elaboration of that alternative, opening ways of reflection to Critical Theory’s revolutionary restating. This objective requires the recovering of historic experience’s extreme notion, formulated by original project of that’s most significative authors. (shrink)

Bayesian reverse-engineering is a research strategy for developing three-level explanations of behavior and cognition. Starting from a computational-level analysis of behavior and cognition as optimal probabilistic inference, Bayesian reverse-engineers apply numerous tweaks and heuristics to formulate testable hypotheses at the algorithmic and implementational levels. In so doing, they exploit recent technological advances in Bayesian artificial intelligence, machine learning, and statistics, but also consider established principles from cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Although these tweaks and heuristics are highly pragmatic in character and (...) are often deployed unsystematically, Bayesian reverse-engineering avoids several important worries that have been raised about the explanatory credentials of Bayesian cognitive science: the worry that the lower levels of analysis are being ignored altogether; the challenge that the mathematical models being developed are unfalsifiable; and the charge that the terms ‘optimal’ and ‘rational’ have lost their customary normative force. But while Bayesian reverse-engineering is therefore a viable and productive research strategy, it is also no fool-proof recipe for explanatory success. (shrink)

A study in the logic of theory change, examining the properties of maxichoice contraction and revision operations.

Estilos parentais e práticas educativas têm sido considerados preditores para o desenvolvimento infantil. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um estudo piloto ao investigar e comparar os estilos parentais e as práticas educativas de pais de crianças com TDAH do tipo combinado e desatento. Part..

Qu’est-ce qu’un jeu sérieux ? Ce terme galvaudé nous semble devoir être remplacé par celui de jeu utile. Dans cet article, nous développons ce concept dans le cadre de Jeu Serai. Il s’agit d’un projet retenu à l’appel d’offres Serious Game du ministère de l’Industrie. Dans ce projet nous visons à utiliser les mécanismes fondamentaux du jeu vidéo pour évaluer les centres d’intérêts et de motivation de l’utilisateur, ainsi que la façon dont il réalise des choix afin de l’aider dans (...) sa démarche individuelle d’orientation. Le prototype développé combine un jeu à autoproduction, de type livre interactif et des mini-jeux de différents types dont les résultats servent à définir un profil psychologique du joueur. Ce travail d’introspection et de mise en situation sera effectué par la personne dans le cadre d’un accompagnement réalisé par un conseiller professionnel.What is a “serious” game? Believing that this frequently misused term should be replaced with “useful game”, we develop the idea here through a discussion of Jeu Serai. This is a project that was selected under the Ministry of the Industry’s call for Serious Game ideas. Our aim in this project is to use the basic video game mechanisms to assess the centres of interest and motivations of users and how they make choices, in order to help them make individual career decisions. The prototype we developed combines game playing with the production by players of an interactive story and different kinds of mini-games, whose results are used to define their psychological profile. A professional counsellor will accompany the person’s introspective and role-playing efforts. (shrink)